10 rows
12V baseline and always-on loads
Moderate loads that quietly shape battery reserve because they run all day, overnight, or in repeated cycles.
Highest daily range
Residential refrigerator
800-1,800Wh
| Appliance | Typical watts | Runtime | Planning Wh/day | What changes it | System note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V compressor refrigerator | 45-80W while running | 8-12 equivalent hours | 400-900Wh | Outside heat, cabinet ventilation, door openings, set point, and fridge size. | Usually a core daily load. Size solar and battery around realistic hot-weather duty cycle, not just the running watts. |
| Propane absorption fridge controls | 5-36W | 12-24 hours | 100-850Wh | Control board, interior fans, climate switch, and model age. | Propane handles the heat source, but the controls and fans can still matter during long stays. |
| Residential refrigerator | 80-200W while running | 8-14 equivalent hours | 800-1,800Wh | Ambient heat, defrost cycles, inverter losses, and insulation. | A residential fridge can be one of the largest normal daily loads, especially if it runs through an inverter. |
| LED lights | 2-6W per fixture | 2-6 hours | 20-150Wh | Fixture count and whether older bulbs have been converted to LED. | Usually a modest load, but it is easy to overcount one fixture or undercount the whole cabin. |
| Water pump | 60-120W while running | 5-20 minutes | 10-40Wh | Pump size, pressure setting, leaks, shower habits, and accumulator use. | Often a small energy load because runtime is short. A leak or pressure problem changes that quickly. |
| Vent fan or roof fan | 5-35W | 4-12 hours | 40-300Wh | Fan speed, lid position, temperature, and whether it runs overnight. | A fan is efficient compared with air conditioning, but all-night runtime still belongs in the battery audit. |
| Furnace blower | 60-140W | 2-8 equivalent hours | 150-800Wh | Night temperature, insulation, thermostat setting, and furnace size. | Cold-weather boondocking can turn the furnace blower into an overnight battery limiter even when propane is full. |
| Propane or CO detector | 1-5W | 24 hours | 25-120Wh | Detector model and whether other standby safety devices share the circuit. | Tiny standby loads become visible during storage, winter use, or small-battery weekend setups. |
| Antenna booster or TV plate | 2-8W | 4-24 hours | 10-190Wh | Whether it gets left on after TV use. | This is a classic small draw that gets forgotten because it does not feel like an appliance. |
| Phone or tablet charging | 5-30W | 1-3 hours | 10-90Wh | Device count, charger type, and whether charging is direct DC or through an inverter. | Usually small, but device count matters for families and remote-work rigs. |